Author: jmcminn

Years 5 and 6
Cycle A

Change for the Better?
Geography— how have the North East and North West of England, Yorkshire and the Humber and Scotland changed over time?

In this unit the children will:
Explore maps of the North East and North West of England, Yorkshire and the Humber and Scotland and learn which counties make up each area
Explore the human and physical characteristics of each region including topological features
Find out the cities in each area and locate on a map
Explore the land use in each area and whether this has changed over time
Develop their range of map skills
Choose a specific area from the localities studied to create a detailed labelled map identifying patterns such as land use, climate zones, populations densities, height of land

Key Vocabulary
Topology: the natural features of an area (such as rivers, hills, coasts etc)
County: a territorial division of some countries
City: a large town
Hill : a naturally raised area of land, not as high or craggy as a mountain
Mountain: a natural elevation of the earth’s surface rising more or less abruptly to a summit and attaining an altitude greater than that of a hill, usually greater than 2000 feet ( 610 metres)
Coast: the part of the land adjoining or near the sea
River: a large natural stream of water flowing in a channel to the sea, a lake, or another river
Moor: a large area of open uncultivated upland, typically covered with heather
Population: all the inhabitants of a particular place
Climate: the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period
Conurbation: an extended urban area, typically consisting of several towns merging with the suburbs of a central city
Arable: used or suitable for growing crops

Key Knowledge
The location and make up of North East and North West of England, Yorkshire and the Humber and Scotland
The following Features of The North East of England ( including land use)
The counties
There are three cities in the region: Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sunderland and Durham
The region is generally hilly and sparsely populated in the north and west and urban and arable in the East and South
North East England has an oceanic climate with narrower temperature ranges than the south of England. Summers and winters are mild rather than extremely hot or cold, due to the strong maritime influence of the North Atlantic Current of the Gulf Stream
Rivers: Tyne, Tees, Wear
The Pennine Hills separate North East England from the North West of England
All the counties have coastal areas
The following Features of Yorkshire and the Humber ( including land use)
The counties
Cities: Leeds, Sheffield, York, Bradford, Kingston Upon Hull, Ripon, Wakefield
Leeds is the biggest conurbation in Yorkshire and The Humber region
Rivers: Ouse, Tees, Esk, Trent
This region of England generally has cool summers and relatively mild winters, with the upland areas of the North York Moors and the Pennines experiencing the coolest weather and the Vale of York the warmest. Weather conditions vary from day to day as well as from season to season. The latitude of the area means that it is influenced by predominantly westerly winds with depressions and their associated fronts, bringing with them unsettled and windy weather, particularly in winter
North Yorkshire, East Riding and Linconshire all have coastal areas
The following Features of The North West of England ( including land use)
The counties
It is the third-most-populated region in the United Kingdom after the South East and Greater London.
The North West contains parts of three national parks: all of the lake District and small parts of the Peak District and the Yorkshire Dales. Most mountains and highlands are located in the North West of England
The North West is generally regarded as having the most average weather in the UK. Temperatures are generally close to the national average. Cumbria usually experiences the most severe weather, with high precipitation in the mountainous regions of the Lake District and Pennines
Cities: Cities: Liverpool, Chester, Manchester, Lancaster, Preston
Rivers: Mersey, Ribble, Lune and Eden
Cumbria, Merseyside and Lancashire all have coastal areas

The following Features of Scotland
The counties
Cities: Edinburgh( Capital City of Scotland) , Glasgow, Dundee, Aberdeen, Inverness, Perth and Sterling
Rivers: Spey, Clyde and Tweed

Liverpool coat of arms

Nottingham coat of arms

Edinburgh coat of arms

Chester coat of arms

North East England

Yorkshire and the Humber

North West England

Scotland

Background information!
North East of England
Durham Cathedral and Durham Castle are both World Heritage sites
On 6 June 793 the Vikings arrived on the shores of North-East England with a raiding party from Norway who attacked the monastic settlement on Lindisfarne
It has an abundance of minerals such as salt and coal and an economy dominated by iron and steel, coal mining and ship building.
Yorkshire and the Humber
The North York Moors in the north-east of the county are Jurassic in age, while the Yorkshire Wolds and Lincolnshire Wolds to the south east are Cretaceous chalk uplands
The highest point is Whernside in the Yorkshire Dales at 737 metres
Star Carr, south of Scarborough, is the earliest known dwelling in the UK – 8700 BC, in the Mesolithic age
Hull has a large freight port and an active fishing port
The Leeds and Liverpool Canal links West Yorkshire with the North West and the Aire and Calder Navigation links Leeds and the coal fields of West and North Yorkshire with the ports to the East of the region.
North West of England
It is the third-most-populated region in the United Kingdom after the South East and Greater London.
The North West contains parts of three national parks: all of he lake District and small parts of the Peak District and the Yorkshire Dales. Most mountains and highlands are located in the North West of England
The Liverpool and Manchester Railway was the world's first passenger inter-city railway in 1830. Manchester Liverpool Road railway station is the world's oldest surviving railway station, having opened on 15 September 1830
The North West is historically linked with the textiles industry
The North West is generally regarded as having the most average weather in the UK. Temperatures are generally close to the national average. Cumbria usually experiences the most severe weather, with high precipitation in the mountainous regions of the Lake District and Pennines
Cities: Liverpool, Chester, Manchester, Lancaster, Preston
Rivers: Mersey, Ribble, Lune and Eden
There are many canals in this area due to high levels of industry
Cumbria, Merseyside and Lancashire all have coastal areas
Seaside tourism in this area has seen a resurgence in recent years ( redevelopment of New Brighton, Blackpool, Morecombe)